Selelekela
Meepo ke mokhoa oa ho eketsa lirekoto tsa transaction ho Bitcoin public ledger ea transactions nakong e fetileng.Bukana ena ea litšebelisano tsa nako e fetileng e bitsoa theblockchainkaha ke ketane eadiboloko.Theblockchainsebeletsa hotiisaditransekshene tse fihlang sebakeng se seng sa marangrang jwalo ka ha di etsahetse.Li-node tsa Bitcoin li sebelisa block chain ho khetholla litšebelisano tse nepahetseng tsa Bitcoin ho tsoa litekong tsa ho sebelisa lichelete tsa tšepe tse seng li sebelisitsoe libakeng tse ling.
Meepo e etselitsoe ka boomo hore e be matla haholo le ho ba thata e le hore palo ea li-blocks tse fumanoang letsatsi le leng le le leng ke basebetsi ba merafong e lule e tsitsitse.Li-block tsa motho ka mong li tlameha ho ba le bopaki ba mosebetsi o lokelang ho nkuoa o nepahetse.Bopaki bona ba mosebetsi bo netefatsoa ke li-node tse ling tsa Bitcoin nako le nako ha ba fumana thibela.Bitcoin e sebelisa marang-ranghashcashmosebetsi oa bopaki.
Morero o ka sehloohong oa merafo ke ho lumella li-node tsa Bitcoin hore li fihlele tumellano e sireletsehileng, e hananang le tamper-resistant.Merafo e boetse ke mokhoa o sebelisoang ho hlahisa li-Bitcoins tsamaisong ena: Basebetsi ba merafong ba lefshoa litefiso leha e le life tsa transaction hammoho le "subsidy" ea lichelete tsa tšepe tse sa tsoa thehoa.Sena ka bobeli se sebeletsa morero oa ho aba lichelete tsa tšepe tse ncha ka mokhoa o arolelanoang hammoho le ho susumetsa batho ho fana ka tšireletso bakeng sa tsamaiso.
Meepo ea Bitcoin e bitsoa joalo hobane e tšoana le merafo ea lihlahisoa tse ling: e hloka boikitlaetso 'me butle-butle e etsa hore likarolo tse ncha li fumanehe ho mang kapa mang ea lakatsang ho nka karolo.Phapang ea bohlokoa ke hore phepelo ha e itšetlehe ka bongata ba merafo.Ka kakaretso ho fetola kakaretso ea miner hashpower ha e fetole hore na ho bōptjoa li-bitcoins tse kae ka nako e telele.
Bothata
The Computationally-Hathata Bothata
Merafo thibela e thata hobane SHA-256 hash ea hlooho ea block e tlameha ho ba tlase ho feta kapa e lekanang le sepheo e le hore thibela e amoheloe ke marang-rang.Bothata bona bo ka nolofalloa molemong oa tlhaloso: Hash ea block e tlameha ho qala ka palo e itseng ea zero.Monyetla oa ho bala hash e qalang ka li-zero tse ngata o tlase haholo, ka hona ho tlameha ho etsoa liteko tse ngata.E le ho hlahisa hashe e ncha potoloho ka 'ngoe, anonceea eketseha.BonaBopaki ba mosebetsibakeng sa lintlha tse ling.
The Difficulty Metric
Thebothatake tekanyo ea hore na ho thata hakae ho fumana block e ncha ha e bapisoa le e bonolo ka ho fetesisa.E baloa bocha li-blocks tse ling le tse ling tsa 2016 ho boleng ba hore li-block tsa 2016 tse fetileng li ka be li entsoe ka libeke tse peli hantle ha motho e mong le e mong a ntse a rafa ka bothata bona.Sena se tla fana ka, ka karolelano, boloko bo le bong metsotsong e meng le e meng e leshome.Ha basebetsi ba merafong ba bangata ba ikopanya, lebelo la ho bopa li-block le eketseha.Ha tekanyo ea thibelo ea thibelo e ntse e eketseha, bothata bo phahama ho lefella, e leng ho nang le ho leka-lekanya phello ka lebaka la ho fokotsa sekhahla sa ho bōpa.Li-blocks life kapa life tse lokollotsoeng ke basebetsi ba merafong ba nang le lonya tse sa fihlelle se hlokahalangbothata ba sepheoe tla hanoa feela ke barupeluoa ba bang marang-rang.
Moputso
Ha thibela e fumanoa, motho ea sibollang a ka ipeha palo e itseng ea li-bitcoins, tse lumellanang le bohle ba marang-rang.Hona joale phallo ena ke li-bitcoins tsa 6.25;boleng bona bo tla fokotsa halofo ea li-block tse ling le tse ling tse 210,000.BonaPhepelo ea Chelete e Laolehileng.
Ho feta moo, mosebetsi oa morafo o fuoa litefiso tse lefuoang ke basebelisi ba romellang litšebelisano.Tefiso ke khothatso bakeng sa mosebetsi oa morafo ho kenyelletsa transaction ho boloko ba bona.Nakong e tlang, ha palo ea basebetsi ba merafong ba bacha ba li-bitcoins ba lumelloa ho bopa ho thibela e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e fokotseha, litefello li tla etsa karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ea chelete ea merafo.
Ecosystem ea merafo
Lisebelisoa
Basebelisi ba sebelisitse mefuta e fapaneng ea li-hardware ha nako e ntse e feta ho rafa li-blocks.Litlhaloso tsa Hardware le lipalo-palo tsa ts'ebetso li hlalositsoe ka botlalo hoMining Hardware Papisoleqephe.
CPU Mining
Mefuta ea pele ea bareki ba Bitcoin e lumelletse basebelisi ho sebelisa li-CPU tsa bona ho rafa.Ho fihla ha merafo ea GPU ho ile ha etsa hore merafo ea CPU e se be bohlale licheleteng ha hashrate ea marang-rang e ntse e hōla ho isa tekanyong eo palo ea li-bitcoins tse hlahisoang ke merafo ea CPU e ileng ea e-ba tlaase ho feta litšenyehelo tsa matla a ho sebetsa CPU.Ka hona, khetho e ile ea tlosoa molemong oa mantlha oa bareki ba Bitcoin.
GPU Mining
GPU Mining e potlakile haholo ebile e sebetsa hantle ho feta meepo ea CPU.Sheba sehlooho se seholo:Hobaneng ha merafo ea GPU e potlakile ho feta CPU.Mefuta e fapaneng e tsebahalanglisebelisoa tsa merafoli ngotsoe.
FPGA Morafo
Meepo ea FPGA ke tsela e sebetsang hantle haholo le e potlakileng ea ho rafa, e bapisoang le meepo ea GPU le merafo ea CPU e sebetsang hantle haholo.Li-FPGA hangata li sebelisa matla a manyane haholo a nang le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa hash, e leng se etsang hore li sebetse hantle le ho sebetsa hantle ho feta meepo ea GPU.BonaMining Hardware Papisobakeng sa lintlha le lipalo tsa lisebelisoa tsa FPGA.
ASIC Mining
Potoloho e ikhethileng ea ts'ebeliso, kapaASIC, ke microchip e entsoeng le ho etsoa ka morero o khethehileng haholo.Li-ASIC tse etselitsoeng merafo ea Bitcoin li ile tsa lokolloa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 2013. Bakeng sa boholo ba matla ao ba a sebelisang, ba potlakile haholo ho feta mekhoa eohle e fetileng ea theknoloji 'me e se e entse merafo ea GPU ka lichelete linaheng tse ling le li-setups.
Litšebeletso tsa merafo
Likonteraka tsa merafofana ka litšebeletso tsa merafo ka ts'ebetso e boletsoeng ke konteraka.Ka mohlala, ba ka 'na ba hira boemo bo itseng ba matla a merafo bakeng sa theko e behiloeng bakeng sa nako e itseng.
Matamo
Ha basebetsi ba merafong ba ntse ba hlōlisana bakeng sa phepelo e fokolang ea li-blocks, batho ka bomong ba fumane hore ba sebetsa likhoeli tse ngata ntle le ho fumana thibela le ho fumana moputso bakeng sa boiteko ba bona ba merafo.Sena se ile sa etsa hore merafo e be ntho ea papali ea chelete.Ho rarolla phapang ea meputso ea bona basebetsi ba morafong ba ile ba qala ho itlhophisa homatamoe le hore ba ka arolelana meputso ka ho lekana.Bona merafo e kopanetsoeng lePapiso ea matamo a merafo.
Histori
Bukana ea sechaba ea Bitcoin ('block chain') e qalile ka la 3 Pherekhong 2009 ka 18:15 UTC mohlomong ke Satoshi Nakamoto.Sebaka sa pele se tsejoa e le theGenese block.Ts'ebetso ea pele e tlalehiloeng thibelang ea pele e ne e le khoebo e le 'ngoe e lefang moputso oa li-bitcoins tse ncha tsa 50 ho moetsi oa eona.
Nako ea poso: Dec-15-2022
